{"id":473,"date":"2021-02-23T20:11:33","date_gmt":"2021-02-23T20:11:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/osaverdeymar.com\/?p=473"},"modified":"2022-03-10T18:13:14","modified_gmt":"2022-03-10T18:13:14","slug":"arrecifes-de-coral-en-costa-rica","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/osaverdeymar.com\/?p=473","title":{"rendered":"Arrecifes de coral en Costa Rica"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>(You may find the English version below)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color\">Los arrecifes de coral se pueden encontrar distribuidos alrededor del mundo entre las latitudes de 30\u00ba Norte y 30\u00ba Sur, el Pac\u00edfico Oriental debido a la importancia biogeoqu\u00edmica, geolog\u00eda, distribuci\u00f3n y diversidad el desarrollo de estos ecosistemas se ve favorecido por las bajas temperaturas, salinidades y la alta descargas de nutrientes que provienen del continente (Alvarado, Cort\u00e9s, Fern\u00e1ndez &amp; Nivia, 2005; Astorga, 2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color\">Los arrecifes tienen gran importancia por la presencia de varios grupos taxon\u00f3micos que se encuentran en este sitio debido a sirven como refugio, sitios de crianza para especies de importancia comercial o algunas especies que se alimentan de otras especies que ah\u00ed se desarrollan. Por una parte, estos ecosistemas se desarrollan mejor a lo largo de las costas que est\u00e1n protegidas por monta\u00f1as elevadas que reducen el efecto del viento que a su vez causa el afloramiento de aguas fr\u00edas siendo Panam\u00e1 y Costa Rica los sitios con la mayor diversidad y desarrollo de corales del Pac\u00edfico de Am\u00e9rica (Glynn et al. 1983; Cort\u00e9s, 1997, Guzm\u00e1n &amp; Cort\u00e9s, 1993).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color\">Por otra parte, en Costa Rica se pueden encontrar arrecifes de coral en ambas costas, la Pac\u00edfica y la Caribe, en el Caribe se pueden encontrar los arrecifes mas desarrollados en el Caribe Sur (Manzanillo, Cahuita, Punta Uva, Punta Mona, entre otros) y en el Pac\u00edfico se pueden encontrar a lo largo de toda la costa con excepci\u00f3n del Golfo de Nicoya, Sierpe, Rinc\u00f3n y Damas que tienen el manglar bien desarrollado. En el Pac\u00edfico Sur se puede encontrar en la Isla del Ca\u00f1o el arrecife m\u00e1s desarrollado con gran n\u00famero de especies de coralinas, adem\u00e1s en la Isla del Coco (que se encuentra a 500 km aproximadamente de la costa) tambi\u00e9n se puede encontrar este ecosistema (Cort\u00e9s &amp; Murillo, 1985).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color\">Este ecosistema brinda protecci\u00f3n y estabilidad a la costa mediante la disipaci\u00f3n del oleaje reduciendo la erosi\u00f3n diaria en las playas, la cresta arrecifal disipa en promedio 86% de la energ\u00eda del oleaje, mientras que en la planicie arrecifal se amortigua 65% de la energ\u00eda restante. Cuando se dan eventos naturales que presentan una gran cantidad de energ\u00eda por medio del oleaje como lo son las tormentas y huracanes el arrecife tiene la funci\u00f3n de disipar esa energ\u00eda para disminuir los efectos en las comunidades costeras (Ferrario, Beck, Storlazzi, Micheli, Shepard, Airoldi, 2014).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-huge-font-size\"><strong>Coral reefs in Costa Rica<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color\">Coral reefs can be found distributed around the world between latitudes of 30\u00ba North and 30\u00ba South, the Eastern Pacific due to the biogeochemical importance, geology, distribution and diversity, the development of these ecosystems is favored by low temperatures, low salinities and the high discharge of nutrients that come from the continent (Alvarado, Cort\u00e9s, Fern\u00e1ndez &amp; Nivia, 2005; Astorga, 2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color\">The coral reefs are of great importance due to the presence of various taxonomic groups that are found in this site because they serve as refuge, breeding sites for species of commercial importance or some species that feed on other species that develop there. On one side, these ecosystems develop better along the coasts that are protected by high mountains that reduce the effect of the wind that in turn causes the upwelling of cold waters, with Panama and Costa Rica being the sites with the greatest diversity and development. of corals from the Pacific of America (Glynn et al. 1983; Cort\u00e9s, 1997, Guzm\u00e1n &amp; Cort\u00e9s, 1993).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color\">On the other hand, in Costa Rica you can find coral reefs on both coasts, the Pacific and the Caribbean, in the Caribbean you can find the most developed coral reefs in the South Caribbean (Manzanillo, Cahuita, Punta Uva, Punta Mona, among others places) and the Pacific they can be found along the entire coast, with the exception of the Gulf of Nicoya, Sierpe, Rinc\u00f3n and Damas, which have well-developed mangroves. In the South Pacific, the most developed reef with a large number of coral species can be found on Ca\u00f1o Island, besides to Cocos Island (which is approximately 500 km from the coast) this ecosystem can also be found (Cort\u00e9s &amp; Murillo, 1985).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color\">This ecosystem provides protection and stability to the coast by dissipating the waves reducing daily erosion on the beaches, the reef crest dissipates an average of 86% of the wave energy, while the reef plain absorbs 65% of the remaining energy. When there are natural events that present a large amount of energy through waves such as storms and hurricanes, the reef has the function of dissipating that energy to reduce the effects on coastal communities (Ferrario, Beck, Storlazzi, Micheli, Shepard, Airoldi, 2014).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;Alvarado, J. J., Cort\u00e9s, J., Fern\u00e1ndez, C. &amp; Nivia, J. (2005). Comunidades y arrecifes coralinos del Parque Nacional Marino Ballena, costa del Pac\u00edfico Costa Rica. <em>Ciencias Marinas<\/em>, 31 (4), 641-651<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Astorga, A. (2019). Variaci\u00f3n en la din\u00e1mica litoral bajo escenarios predictivos de degradaci\u00f3n de arrecifes. Tesis de maestr\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cort\u00e9s, J. (1997). Biology and geology of eastern Pacific coral reefs. Coral Reefs, 16: S39\u2013S46.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cort\u00e9s, J. &amp; Murillo, M. (1985). Comunidades coralinas y arrecifes del Pac\u00edfico de Costa Rica. Rev. Biol. Trop., 197-202.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ferrario, F., Beck, M. W., Storlazzi, C. D., Micheli, F., Shepard, C. C., Airoldi, L. (2014). The effectiveness of coral reefs for coastal hazard risk reduction and adaptation. Nat Commun 5:3794. doi: 10.1038\/ncomms4794<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Glynn, P. W. &amp; Wellington, G. M. (1983). Corals and Corals Reefs of the Gal\u00e1pagos Islands. Univ. California Press, Berkeley, 330 pp<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Guzm\u00e1n, H. &amp; Cort\u00e9s, J. (1993). Arrecifes coralinos del Pac\u00edfico oriental tropical: Revisi\u00f3n y perspectivas. Rev. Biol. Trop., 41: 535\u2013557.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>(You may find the English version below) Los arrecifes de coral se pueden encontrar distribuidos alrededor del mundo entre las latitudes de 30\u00ba Norte y 30\u00ba Sur, el Pac\u00edfico Oriental debido a la importancia biogeoqu\u00edmica, geolog\u00eda, distribuci\u00f3n y diversidad el desarrollo de estos ecosistemas se ve favorecido por las bajas temperaturas, salinidades y la alta [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[3],"tags":[],"gutentor_comment":187,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/osaverdeymar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/473"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/osaverdeymar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/osaverdeymar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osaverdeymar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osaverdeymar.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=473"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/osaverdeymar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/473\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":477,"href":"https:\/\/osaverdeymar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/473\/revisions\/477"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/osaverdeymar.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=473"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osaverdeymar.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=473"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osaverdeymar.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=473"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}